Ladder of Inference

I mentioned that I was making two Facebook posts tonight on analyzing political compaign messages.  I realized that for my second post, on the Ladder of Inference, there were several decent articles to share.  Therefore, instead of making several new FB posts or nesting articles, I am listing the three articles in one WordPress note.

http://www.strategyworks.co.za/2004/11/05/the-ladder-of-inference/

http://www.mindtools.com/pages/article/newTMC_91.htm

http://leadershipdiamond.blogspot.com/2009/04/ladder-of-inference.html

When reading, or listening, to political messages, are biases leading one to filtering out reality and truth and instead substituting falsehoods that match preconceived notions?